The Greater Power of Christ - Pastor Tom Loghry
In Acts 19:8-22, Paul settles in Ephesus, teaching first in the synagogue and then teaching daily in the Lecture Hall. He remains for two years, with God performing extraordinary miracles through him, bringing many people to the Way.
Transcript:
Acts chapter 19, verses eight through 22. Paul entered the synagogue, synagogue and spoke boldly there for three months, arguing persuasively about the kingdom of God. But some of them became obstinate; they refused to believe and publicly maligned the Way. So Paul left them. He took the disciples, he took the disciples with him and had discussions daily at the lecture hall of Tyrannus. This went on for two years, so that all the Jews and Greeks who lived in the province of Asia, Asia heard the word of the Lord. God did extraordinary miracles through Paul, so that even handkerchiefs and aprons that had touched him were taken to the sick, and their illnesses were cured and the evil spirits left them.
Let us pray. Dear Father, we pray that your spirit would impress upon us the true power of Jesus Christ, that Father you would lead us to trust in you more than in any other thing that the world might tempt us to put our trust in. We just pray that you would open up our hearts and open up our eyes to see our true hope, our true security in Him.
We ask this in Christ's name, amen. You may be seated.
At least once in his life, I think that every boy and every man has wondered to himself, what if I had a tank in the Middle Ages? What if I had modern weaponry to face down the army of Alexander the Great. It's an interesting thing to think about how infamous military powers might be possibly defeated by a vastly smaller number who possess modern technology. No matter the prowess, no matter the courage, no matter the numbers, we have to believe that a tank will beat a spear. Equipped with that kind of technology, you would be untouchable. You would have the upper hand.
It can be an interesting thought experiment. It makes an imagination go wild, especially for those of us who, who perhaps don't feel like we've ever had the upper hand in life. More so than ever, in the 21st century, we can feel like small creatures overwhelmed by a giant machine. And just as much as ever, we can often feel like the powers of evil are so much more numerous and greater than ourselves.
But what if I told you that you are in a tank? What if I told you that you're in an F 35? Maybe even behind the controls of such modern marvels, one would still have a sense of intimidation before an army of 30,000, but it would be they who are holding the spears who should be in fear. Of course, I'm speaking analogously. We have something much better than a machine of war: the Church of Jesus Christ stands as a bulwark in the face of all opposition, not by the strength of her members, but because of the power of her king and the strength of the Spirit who equips her.
Today's passage reminds us of this: we're, we're going to find Paul in a great metropolis of the Roman Empire, in the city of Ephesus, a city gripped by idolatry and obsessed with the promise of sorcery and magical power. But however great and magnificent it may appear, it becomes exposed as nothing in comparison to the power of Jesus Christ. So we first look at verses eight through 12.
As I've already mentioned, Paul is in the city of Ephesus, and if you're trying to imagine where Ephesus is, you can locate it in Asia Minor, modern day Turkey, along the coast and are facing off towards Achaia. It was a, a very influential city, I mentioned last week. It was kind of a top five city of the Roman Empire, population of around 250,000 people, very pagan. But they did have a synagogue as we read here in these verses.
I've, I actually had the opportunity to go to Ephesus. This is a picture, one of the pictures I took. You can see it doesn't really look like a port city. That's because silt has actually built up, and so it's very much kind of inland now. But that road that you see in the middle there, that's a road that Paul would've walked on. It was very incredible to be able to walk in a place where the Apostle Paul himself walked. And that's a picture of me in front of the Library of Celsius, which you see in the, off in the distance here, the goofy guy there in the striped shirt.
It was a magnificent city, that, it was very built up and it did include, they had enough Jews there so that they had a synagogue. And Paul spent his time there trying to persuade the Jews about the kingdom of God, which is another way of talking about how Jesus is Messiah. And it's important to remember the kind of, the, the exchangeability between those terms, because when Jesus comes, he's coming not just to bring personal salvation to people, yes, he's coming to do that, but he's coming to bring a kingdom. A new kingdom that one day will be revealed in full on earth. So Paul spoke boldly there for three months arguing them, but they became obstinate and began even publicly maligning the way, so basically talking smack about Christianity with the other citizens in Ephesus.
And so Paul left them. And it says that he went to the lecture hall of Tyrannus. Now in the Greek, that term hall is schole. Now you might think to yourself, that sounds familiar. That sounds a lot like school. And that's basically what it was, it was a school. Paul spent two years there lecturing to the people of that city along with his disciples every day, and some manuscripts actually include a detail that suggests that Paul spoke there between the hours of 11 and four. Now, the manuscript evidence isn't strong enough to include that in standard versions of the Bible, but there's actually good reason to think that Paul probably did teach during that time, because early in the day, they would have very formal classes, but during the middle of the day it was actually kind of a siesta for the people. The people would stop working for a while. Some of us are probably thinking, wow, that sounds nice, 11 to four. They had a little bit of time, and the hall was open and so Paul could make use of it. Whether he had to rent it or whoever was in charge of the hall was kind of benefactor and allowed him to use it. So he basically ran school there every single day, and he basically assumed this position of kind of being a teacher, a philosopher, almost like a, a professor.
Now, he was doing this even while he was working himself. We learn in the next chapter, in Acts 20:34, he says, you yourselves know that these hands of mine have supplied my own needs and the needs of my companions. So we can imagine that Paul is probably working early in the day, and then he was going and doing teaching the rest of the day, and then maybe he did some more work at the end of the day. He was a very, very, very busy man, and he did this for two years. Now the result of his work is that the Jews and Greeks throughout Asia heard about the word of the Lord. Now again, Ephesus is a very strategic location because it's from there, from this major city, you can imagine Paul teaching people and then them going out and spreading the word to other places, so that the gospel goes further than wherever Paul goes, which is important.
That's actually the goal of Christian discipleship. It shouldn't be just be fixed all on one person doing all the things. The idea is you make disciples who then go forth and make more disciples, and this is what Paul is, is doing. This is how the word is spreading throughout that whole area, which is astounding, 'cause you'll recall how when he began his second missionary journey in Acts 16, it says, Paul and his companions traveled throughout the regions of Phrygia and Galatia, having been kept by the Holy Spirit from preaching the word in the province of Asia. So earlier God has said, no, you're not going to go into Asia, I'm directing your course to Macedonia. But God, God's no wasn't a permanent no. God knew what he had in store. Certain things had to take place, and maybe it was even a development in Paul's own, own life and abilities and, to bring it, and just other outside circumstances we can't even imagine so that at the right time and place, in Ephesus, Paul could return and then the gospel truly would spread throughout Asia.
So he's teaching in this lecture hall, hall, and you can imagine him, you know, very much kind of being respected like a philosopher, and yet he's more than that too. His impact in the city goes beyond just mere, an intellectual presentation, because along with his teaching comes extraordinary miracles. That's what it says in verse 11, extraordinary, God works extraordinary miracles through Paul. So that it says that even handkerchiefs and aprons that touched him were taken to the sick, and their illnesses were cured and the evil spirits left them. This is another reminder that Paul was indeed working with his hands, because these, these aprons, these handkerchiefs would've been just cloths that he used to just wipe the sweat off his, his face, it says work clothes.
Now that seems like kind of a strange phenomenon, but it's not unprecedented. In Mark six, verse 56, we hear of Jesus. It says, wherever Jesus went, into villages, towns, or countryside, they placed the sick in the marketplaces. They begged him to let them touch even the edge of his cloak, and all who touched it were healed. So we see similar circumstances during the ministry of Jesus. And you'll recall perhaps, earlier in Acts, it says of Peter in Acts 5:15. As a result, people brought the sick into the streets and laid them on beds and mats, so at least Peter's shadow might fall on some of them as he passed by. Implying that there was some sort of signs and miracles that followed from that.
Now, of course, this, these, these signs, these miracles are not intended to be normative patterns of action for us. It was God who's making this happen, and it was not the power and the things themselves that were healing. It was the faith in Christ. It's also important to note here that Paul's not selling anything. So some of you, as you read those verses, that sounds kinda like some of these televangelists I've seen on tv. Well, you gotta understand, Paul's not selling anything. It's just, we don't know how the people are getting his things. It's probably a little frustrating. It's like where my apron go, oh, he ran off with it again. You know, you don't, we don't know how all this went, happened, but in any case, the people were expressing faith. Probably, and, and we, we don't have to imagine it was a very well understood faith, but a faith in Christ and the Christ that Paul is preaching, and they were experiencing healing as a result.
And once again, we see this in the, in the case of the woman who had a bleeding issue that touched just the edge of Jesus cloak, Jesus says, he explains why she was healed. He says. It says in Matthew nine verses 21 through 22, she said to herself, if only I touch his cloak, I will be healed. Jesus turned and saw her. Take heart, daughter, he said, your faith has healed you. And the woman was healed at that moment. Now, of course, this doesn't mean that if you have faith you'll just automatically be healed, but faith is necessary. Faith is necessary for us to be healed, for healings like that to occur.
Now, on the whole, what's being revealed here is that the kingdom of God is being introduced in Jesus Christ with the proclamation of Jesus as the Messiah, as the one true king. You also have a demonstration of His power. It hearkens back to what Jesus says in John 12, verses 31 through 32. He says, now is the time for judgment on this world; now the prince of this world will be driven out. And I, when I'm lifted up from the earth, will draw all people to myself. Jesus is drawing all people to himself through the ministry of Paul. Those with illnesses are being healed and evil spirits are being casted out.
So as the truth of the gospel is being revealed both through Paul's teaching and these miraculous signs, some try and fail to mimic him. We turn to verse 13. It says, Some Jews who went around driving out evil spirits tried to invoke the name of the Lord Jesus over those who were demon possessed. They would say, In the name of Jesus, of the Jesus whom Paul preaches, I command you to come out. Seven sons of Sceva, a Jewish chief priest, were doing this. One day the evil spirit answered them, Jesus I know, and Paul I know about, but who are you? Then the man who had the evil spirit jumped on them and overpowered them all. He gave them such a beating that they ran out of the house naked and bleeding.
So what Luke tells us here is that there's apparently some Jews in Ephesus. They were trying to use the name of Jesus in order to exeocise demons. Now just to put yourself back in the first century ,ad the work of exorcism was not limited to the Jewish people. Pagans also performed exorcisms, and even among the Jews there could be a little bit of mixing and matching and formula making, based on what they heard from even what some of the pagans were doing. And so if you're one of these exorcists, you're always looking for a new tool that you can throw into your tool bag. And apparently, from what they had seen and heard in Paul, they figured, we should start using the name of Jesus for casting out demons.
Now, these particular Jews that have this encounter with a demon, notable encounter, are known as the seven Sons of, of Sceva, and they were the sons of a Jewish chief priest. Now just something to remember here, this doesn't necessarily mean that they were attached to the local synagogue. They could have been kind of traveling, itinerant exorcists. That would kind of help the trade if you kind of show up in a place and you're kind of mysterious and, oh, my father's a Jewish chief priest, because the priests, their primary function was to work in the temple, not in the synagogue. They didn't do sacrifices in synagogue, synagogues were a place of teaching. So we don't know too much about their background here, but apparently they picked up on this idea of trying to use the name of Jesus. And so in one case, when they're trying to cast out a demon, the evil spirit responded back to them and said, Jesus I know, and Paul I know, but who are you now? It's a bit of a funny reversal here, because the exorcists believed that if you, if you could command the name of a deity, if you had, if you knew its name, then you could wield its power. And here we have this funny reversal where they're spitting out these names and the demon's like, well, I don't know your name, why should I listen to you? You're nobody. But what it's also indicating here is that they recognize who Jesus is and they recognize who Paul is. So this, this demon, rather than submitting to their formulaic attempt to cast him out, instead, in supernatural strength, beats them up. Demonic strength, beats them up, claws them up so that they ran, ran out naked and bleeding. And the word here could indicate that maybe it was only two of the seven, or it could have been seven, the seven sons of Sceva. The Greek is a little bit unclear, but in any case, instead of the demon being cast out, they're cast out.
Now, the reality here is that sometimes God allows people who don't really have any business using his name to use his name. Sometimes God draws straight lines with crooked sticks. In Mark nine we see that the disciple John mentions to Jesus, Hey, there's these guys here and they're casting out demons in your name.
And Jesus says in Mark 9:39, he says, do not stop him, for no one who does a miracle in my name can in the next moment say anything bad about me. So sometimes God might allow things to ha to happen that are favorable for his own glory, even when the people that are using his name aren't really in relationship with him. But at the same time too, and as is clear in the case here, by not allowing these seven sons of Sceva to use his name, it's exposed the true power. The true power is not found in the formula of Jesus' name. It's in Jesus himself, which was testified by the demon himself, pointing out, I've heard of Jesus, I've heard of Paul, but not you. And we know that the Ephesians grasp this meaning here, the significance of everything that transpired, because of how they then responded. So we go to verses 17 through 19. It says, when this became known to the Jews and Greeks living in Ephesus, they were all seized with fear, and the name of the Lord Jesus was held in high honor. Many of those who believed now came and openly confessed what they had done. A number who had practiced sorcery brought their scrolls together and burned them publicly. When they calculated the value of the scrolls, the total came to 50,000 drachmas.
The impression is great. It says, all the Jews and Greeks living in Ephesus. Now, does this mean every single one? Not, not necessarily, but we're talking, it was a big impact, a big impact on Ephesus, so that a vast portion of the population were all seized with fear, with a certain respect for the name of the Lord Jesus. And then there was a further effect here, a particular response among the believers. You see this in verse 18.
It says, many of those who believed now came and openly confessed what they had done. So not everyone in the city did this, but those who had said that they were believing in Jesus suddenly became convicted that they had to own up to some of the things that they had been doing. Even while they had turned to Jesus, they were still involving themselves with practices of magic and sorcery. They, and so they brought the scrolls that contained the magical spells, probably among them would've been included the Ephesia Grammata, which were six letters, six words that were infamous. It was supposed to be a magical incantation where if you could pronounce it just right, then you could get, you could wield it to your favor. They took these writings and they burned them publicly. And they were no cheap thing, they cost 50,000 drachmas. Now the thing that you have to understand is that each drachma is worth a day's wages, 50,000 days worth of work. Just burn it up. Now, this is the right response. They could have said, oh yeah, I'm gonna get rid of those things. They burn it publicly, publicly to make it clear, I'm hiding nothing and I'm done with this. It's the right response that rather than saying, well, maybe we could sell this. I'll, I'll sell these and, and then I'll give the money to the poor. That's not in keeping with the kingdom of God to sell something so that someone else can be deceived and led away into sin. Rather than selling it and recouping anything, even if for the, the sake of charity, they burn it, they destroy the works of the devil at a great cost to themselves.
And this is the right response on the part of anyone who would be a disciple of Christ. Jesus tells his disciples in Matthew 16:24, whoever wants to be my disciple must deny themselves and take up their cross and follow me. Now when we do a brief survey of of scripture, we find plenty of condemnation for sorcery, for the practice of magic. We go to Deuteronomy 18, verses 10 through 12. It says, let no one be found among you who sacrifices their son or daughter in the fire, who practices divination or sorcery, interprets omens, engages in witchcraft, or casts spells, or is a medium or spiritist or who consults the dead. Anyone who does these things is detestable to the Lord; because of these same detestable practices the Lord your God will drive out those nations before you. So what God was telling the people is that the people in the land that they were coming into conquer, they're doing those same things. You best not take up the same practices, otherwise there's a similar consequence that's going to come upon you. And in fact, that's what we see happen to the children of Israel eventually when they're sent into exile.
Now in the New Testament, we see Paul say, say elsewhere, I'm not gonna read every single thing here, but I wanna highlight it, which is that among his list of sins, he includes in Galatians five, witchcraft. So he is not saying witchcraft is the worst thing of all things, but it's a sin among other sins. It says the acts of the flesh are obvious, including witchcraft, and he says, I warn you, as I did before, that those who live like this will not inherit the kingdom of God. Likewise, in Revelation 21, verse eight, among other sins is included also the practice of magical arts, it says they will be consigned to the fiery lake of burning sulfur. This is the second death.
Now, obviously there's a great prevalence of sorcery and dabbling in magic in the time of Paul in the first century, it's a very pagan society. But that doesn't mean that it's not happening today. In fact, there's an increased prevalence of this happening in our own time. As, as we entered into the 21st century, many people thought that, oh, we're just gonna go all secular. There's just gonna be in an increase of atheism. In fact, we don't see that atheism is on, on the decline, but rather than people being formally religious, that is, you know, being a Christian, being a Jew, you know, being, even being a Muslim or any, what we find among so many people in America is just dabbling in spirituality, an informal sort of religion, which often includes getting involved in these sorts of magical practices.
There's actually some data to back up this increase. We have this industry report from July, 2025, put out by IBIS World. It says, a long-term shift in consumer perceptions has underpinned growth as mainstream consumers increasingly accept psychic services. Traditional skepticism about consulting psychics has waned, with more consumers embracing these services, especially in times of uncertainty. The economic downturn significantly boosted demand for services as many turned to spiritual guidance to navigate their anxieties about finances and outlook uncertainty. This uptick reflects a broader trend towards personalized and spiritual approaches to life's challenges, making psychic services a more mainstream part of many people's lives. Revenue expanded at a compound annual growth rate of 5.5% over the years to 2025 to $2.3 billion, including a 2.2% growth in 2025 alone.
And then we see this also applies in the case of astrology. In a MarkNtel Advisors report from August 19th, 2025 it says, the Global Astrology App market is on track for a remarkable expansion, projected to grow from a US dollars 3 billion in 2024 to $9 billion by 2030, registering a robust growth of 20% during 2025 to 2030, according to new research from MarkNtel Advisors. This growth is fueled by the increasing integration of astrology into digital wellness platforms, rising consumer demand for personalized spiritual guidance, and the explosive growth of the global smartphone population, now exceeding 6.8 billion users.
Now the thing is, is we don't even need these reports to know that this is happening. We can see it all around us. I, I was driving, I drive back and forth through Chepachet every day to take my son to school, I saw postings for a psychic fair. We see shops around us that are pawning east, Eastern spirituality, selling crystals, intention candles, even magical flowers. All of it is sorcery, it's not to be messed with. When you dabble with that, you're inviting the demonic into your life. And you have to take great care here, because there are good things that have been wedded to things that are evil and are of the devil. I have a personal interest, I'm sure some of you have a personal interest, in some homeopathic health solutions, maybe you don't like pharmaceutical drugs and stuff like that, and that's, and that's fine to look for natural solutions, but be careful, because people very often blend together those things so that they take what is natural, but blend it together with what is dark, supernatural powers.
And what we're talking about here is actual belief. We're not talking about fictional things like Narnia, Lord of the Rings, Harry Potter. We're talking about an actual belief in and faith in these sorcerous powers. And notice what those reports were saying. People are turning to these things because they're anxious, because they're concerned about what's going around with, around them. They feel out of control, and so they wanna take back control by using magical powers. We must be on guard. Now, we, we need not be in fear ourselves because we are no less able than Paul to cast out the demonic today. In the name of Jesus Christ, we have the greater power. No magic is needed. And so when we see people turning to these things, we should tell them, and we should remind ourselves as we're needed, as is needed the words of the prophet Isaiah, Isaiah eight verses 19 through 20, when someone tells you to consult mediums and spiritists, who whisper and mutter, should not a people inquire of their God? Why consult the dead on behalf of the living? Consult God's instruction and the testimony of warning. If anyone does not speak according to this word, they have no light of dawn. I love that last line. They have no light of dawn. All they are offering you is further, deeper darkness.
Now, in light of this series of events, the word of the gospel increasingly spread. Continuing on in verse verses 21 through 22, 20 through 22. It says, In this way the word of the Lord spread widely and grew in power. After all this had happened, Paul decided to go to Jerusalem, passing through Macedonia and Achaia. After I have been there, he said, I must visit Rome also. He sent two of his helpers, Timothy and Erastus, to Macedonia, while he stayed in the province of Asia a little longer.
So Paul's time and Ephesus is coming to a conclusion. He spent plenty of time there, he spent over two years there and he's sending Timothy and Erastus ahead of him to prepare, to prepare the way for his arrival. He's kind of taking a roundabout way back to Jerusalem. This is gonna be the occasion in which he's taking up a collection for the church in Jerusalem. Not the first time, but he's taking up a collection for them, and then he's intending to go to Rome. And this is where we kind of hear this first mention of his intention to go to Rome. But for now, he remains. He remains because there's still an opportunity here, and his, his plans are corroborated by what he writes to the church in Corinth, and it's believed that he wrote First Corinthians from the city of Ephesus. So we kind of have some additional in information here in 1st Corinthians 16:5. Paul says, after I go through Macedonia, I'll come to you, for I'll be going through Macedonia. And then in verses eight through nine, he says, but I will stay on at Ephesus until Pentecost, because a great door for effective work has opened to me, and there are many who oppose me.
That's interesting to see that dynamic. A great door has been open to me, and there's lots of people opposing me. We shouldn't assume that that opportunity comes without opposition. We should expect it.
Now in a later letter that Paul will write to the Ephesians, he reminds them of the oppression in condemnation under which they previously lived. In Ephesians two verses one through five, he tells them this, as for you, you were dead in your transgressions and sins, in which you used to live when you followed the ways of this world and of the ruler of the kingdom of the air, the spirit who is now at work in those who are disobedient. All of us also lived among them at one time, gratifying the cravings of our flesh and following his desires and thoughts. Like the rest, we were by nature deserving of wrath. But because of his great love for us, God, who is rich in mercy, made us alive with Christ even when we were dead in transgressions-- it is by grace you have been saved.
You see, previously they were outmatched. They were outgunned. There was no hope for them, but no longer. In Jesus Christ they are no longer under the rule of the, of the ruler of the kingdom of the air. They're not under Satan's power in Jesus Christ. They have the upper hand, not because of who they were, only because of who Christ was and is. By his grace they are saved; they're delivered from their sins and from the power of Satan.
Now I know that as you look out onto the world, you feel intimidated. We see so much that's against us, but what we need to remember is that in Jesus Christ, we do truly have the upper hand. The devil is no match for him. When we see people under the sway of Satanic lies or even possessed by demonic powers, we need not fear, because by the power of the Holy Spirit we can speak the truth that can break every enchantment of falsehood. By the Holy Spirit in the name of Jesus Christ we can cast out those demons that hold people captive. In Jesus Christ we can rest secure. We have no need for magic. We need not manipulate anything. That's what magic tries to do, is it tries by power to manipulate things. We are not called to manipulate. We are called to submit ourselves to Jesus Christ because all we need is given to us in Him. And if not today, then promised and assured to us at the day of Christ's return. We know that when he returns, we will receive our full inheritance. Our peace is not found in seizing control for ourselves, but by resting in the perfect power and sovereignty of our Father's hands. We find our rest in God. The world tries to find its rest in many other things, but rest cannot be found in those things.
Maybe like the Ephesians, you have invested yourself in other powers, perhaps with your time, perhaps even with your money. I want to challenge you to abandon those things for the better thing, for the only true savior, Jesus Christ. Now, perhaps that surrender is costly. Maybe it makes you feel like a fool, but the real fool is the one who sees clearly that he has invested in worthless things and still continues to pour himself into such things. Make the smart choice. Go with the winner, climb in the cockpit. Don't measure strength by numbers. Measure power by the one who has proven that he is above all, Jesus Christ.
Let us pray.
Dear Father, we thank you for this testimony that we have here in Acts 19, a testimony not only of the power of the truth of the gospel Paul demonstrated through his teaching ministry father, but also the real substantial power that is manifest in Jesus Christ in the coming of the kingdom, such that the demons are cast out. Father, we thank you for this testimony that reminds us that Jesus is better than any promises of sorcery or magic.
And Father, we see that around us today. Father, we pray that you would guard us from being tempted to involve ourselves with such things, that we would trust ourselves completely to the care of Christ, in his rule and reign. And Father, we pray that you would guard those in our lives from falling prey to these things, and that insofar as they have given themselves to these things, father, we pray that you would deliver them in the name of Jesus Christ and that, father, in accordance with your will, that you would use us to speak the truth to them, to lead them to the better thing, which is Jesus. Father, fill us with all humility. Because even if we haven't involved ourselves with such things, we know that we are just as tempted to trust in other things and other powers than in you. And so Father, altogether, we pray that this passage would hit home to us to put our faith completely in you and in no other thing. We ask this in the name of Jesus Christ, our Lord. Amen.
Hey there, Pastor Tom here. I hope you enjoyed this sermon I offered to Rockland Community Church. Rockland Community Church is located at 212 Rockland Road in North Scituate, Rhode Island, just around the bend from the Scituate Public High School. We invite you to join us in person or virtually this Sunday as we worship God and hear the preaching of his word. It's our joy to welcome you into our community
Intro/Outro Song
Title: River Meditation
Artist: Jason Shaw
Source:http://freemusicarchive.org/music/Jason_Shaw/Audionautix_Acoustic/RIVER_MEDITATION___________2-58
License:(CC BY 3.0 US)